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【科学60秒】食盐增高血压，但通过肾上腺素

译者 深度挖掘

People with high blood pressure are often told to watch the salt. And it’s long been thought that hypertension related to excess salt is caused by the salt increasing the volume of the blood. Which in turn puts added pressure on the blood vessel walls. But going back to the 1960s and ‘70s, some researchers thought that the salt might be having a different effect.

患有高血压的人通常都会被告知注意食盐摄入量。很长时间以来由过量食盐引起的高血压都被认为是由于食盐增加了血液的体积。血液体积的增加反过来给血管壁施加更大的压力。但是回眸二十世纪六七十年代，一些研究者认为食盐可能有些其他不同的影响。

Now long-time hypertension researchers Irene and Haralambos Gavras at the Boston University School of Medicine have analyzed the studies in the field and published a review article explaining what they think salt’s role really is: it stimulates the sympathetic nervous system to produce adrenalin. And it’s the adrenalin that constricts the arteries and causes the high blood pressure, not excess fluid volume. The review is in the Journal of Hypertension. [Irene Gavras and Haralambos Gavras, 'Volume-expanded' hypertension: the effect of fluid overload and the role of the sympathetic nervous system in salt-dependent hypertension]

长期从事高血压相关领域研究的 Irene 和 Haralambos ，就职于波士顿大学医学院，分析了该领域的研究成果并且发布了一篇文章来阐述他们所认为食盐的真正角色：食盐刺激交感神经系统从而产生肾上腺素，而肾上腺素又会引起动脉血管收缩导致高血压，而不是引发过量的血液体积。该篇文章发表于高血压杂志。 [Irene Gavras and Haralambos Gavras, 'Volume-expanded' hypertension: the effect of fluid overload and the role of the sympathetic nervous system in salt-dependent hypertension]

Physicians have accepted a nervous system involvement in hypertension that’s bad enough to cause kidney failure. Fluid-decreasing diuretics are a common treatment in those severe cases. This new analysis implies that researchers should look for additional hypertension treatments that focus on the nervous system.

内科医生们已经接受了高血压会影响到神经系统，严重的高血压会导致肾衰竭。利尿剂通常会被应用于该严重的病情。这些新的发现给研究者们提供了新的思路，那就是通过聚焦神经系统来寻找治疗高血压的新途径。